PEDIATRICS Vol. 108 No. 5 November 2001, pp. 1155-1161
Prevalence of Autism in a United States Population: The Brick Township, New Jersey, Investigation
Received Feb 1, 2001; accepted Jun 13, 2001.
,
From the * National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental
Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta,
Georgia; Objective. This study determined the
prevalence of autism for a defined community, Brick Township, New
Jersey, using current diagnostic and epidemiologic methods.
Methods. The target population was children who were 3 to
10 years of age in 1998, who were residents of Brick Township at any
point during that year, and who had an autism spectrum disorder. Autism spectrum disorder was defined as autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and Asperger
disorder. The study used 4 sources for active case finding: special
education records, records from local clinicians providing diagnosis or
treatment for developmental or behavioral disabilities, lists of
children from community parent groups, and families who volunteered for
participation in the study in response to media attention. The autism
diagnosis was verified (or ruled out) for 71% of the children through
clinical assessment. The assessment included medical and developmental
history, physical and neurologic evaluation, assessment of intellectual
and behavioral functioning, and administration of the Autism Diagnostic
Observation Schedule Results. The prevalence of all autism spectrum disorders
combined was 6.7 cases per 1000 children. The prevalence for children
whose condition met full diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder was 4.0 cases per 1000 children, and the prevalence for PDD-NOS and Asperger disorder was 2.7 cases per 1000 children. Characteristics of
children with autism in this study were similar to those in previous
studies of autism.
Conclusions. The prevalence of autism in Brick Township
seems to be higher than that in other studies, particularly studies
conducted in the United States, but within the range of a few recent
studies in smaller populations that used more thorough case-finding
methods.
Department of Developmental Disabilities, University of
Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Robert Wood Johnson Medical
School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and § Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia.
Generic.
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