PEDIATRICS Vol. 108 No. 5 November 2001, pp. 1072-1079
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Kangaroo Mother Care: Results of Follow-Up at 1 Year of Corrected Age
Received Feb 25, 2001; accepted May 2, 2001.
,
From the * Fundación Canguro, Santa Fe de Bogotá,
Colombia; Objective. To assess the
effectiveness and safety of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) for infants of
low birth weight.
Methods. An open, randomized, controlled trial of a
Colombian social security referral hospital was conducted. A total of
1084 consecutive infants who were born at Results. Baseline variables were evenly distributed,
except for weight at recruitment (KMC: 1678 g; control
participants: 1713 g). The risk for death was lower among infants
who were given KMC, although the difference was not significant (KMC:
11 [3.1%] of 339; control participants: 19 [5.5%] of 324;
relative risk: 0.57; 95% confidence interval: 0.17-1.18). The growth
index of head circumference was statistically significantly greater in
the group given KMC, but the developmental indices of the 2 groups were similar. Infants who weighed Conclusion. These results support earlier findings of the
beneficial effects of KMC on mortality and growth. Use of this
technique would humanize the practice of neonatology, promote
breastfeeding, and shorten the neonatal hospital stay without
compromising survival, growth, or development.
Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica, Facultad
de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, INCLEN, Bogotá,
Colombia; § Instituto de Seguros Sociales de Colombia, Programa Madre
Canguro de la Clinica del Niño, Fundación Canguro, Santa Fe
de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia; and Evaluation
Médicale, Médico-Sociale et Sante Publique (EVAL), Paris,
France.
2000 g were followed, and
746 newborns were randomized when eligible for minimal care, with 382 to KMC and 364 to "traditional" care. Information on vital status
was available for 693 infants (93%) at 12 months of corrected age. KMC
consisted of skin-to-skin contact on the mother's chest 24 hours/day,
nearly exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge, with close
ambulatory monitoring. Control infants remained in incubators until the
usual discharge criteria were met. Both groups were followed at term
and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of corrected age. The main outcomes
measured were morbidity, mortality, growth, development, breastfeeding,
hospital stay, and sequelae.
1500 g at birth and were given KMC spent
less time in the hospital than those who were given standard care. The
number of infections was similar in the 2 groups, but the severity was
less among infants who received KMC. More of these infants were
breastfed until 3 months of corrected age.
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