PEDIATRICS Vol. 107 No. 6 June 2001, pp. 1387-1393
Physical Activity and Bone Measures in Young Children: The Iowa Bone Development Study
Received Aug 14, 2000; accepted Nov 20, 2000.
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From the Departments of * Health, Leisure, and Sport Studies,
Objectives. Physical activity has a
beneficial effect on bone development in circumpubertal children,
although its effect on younger children is uncertain. In this
cross-sectional study, we examined associations between physical
activity and bone measures in 368 preschool children (mean age: 5.2 years, range: 4-6 years).
Design. Physical activity was measured using 4-day
accelerometry readings, parental report of children's usual physical
activity, and parental report of children's hours of daily television
viewing. Total body and site-specific bone mineral content and area
bone mineral density (BMD) were measured by dual energy radiograph absorptiometry.
Results. After adjustment for age and body size,
accelerometry measures of physical activity and parental report of
usual physical activity were consistently and positively associated
with bone mineral content and BMD in both boys and girls
(r = 0.15-0.28). Television viewing was inversely
associated with hip BMD in girls (r = Conclusions. Findings indicate that there are
statistically significant and, perhaps important, associations between
physical activity and bone measures during early childhood, well ahead
of the onset of peak bone mass. This would suggest that intervention
strategies to increase physical activity in young children could
contribute to optimal bone development.
Epidemiology, § Biostatistics, Pediatrics, and ¶ Preventive and
Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
0.15). The
proportion of variance in bone measures explained by physical activity
in linear regression models ranged from
r2 = 1.5% to 9.0%. In all of these
models except total body BMD, at least 1 and often several of the
physical activity variables entered as independent predictors. Activity
variables most likely to enter the regression models were vigorous
physical activity (as determined by accelerometry) and parental ranking
of child's usual physical activity.
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