PEDIATRICS Vol. 107 No. 6 June 2001, pp. 1369-1374
Depiction of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Substances in G-Rated Animated Feature Films
Received Jul 25, 2000; accepted Nov 6, 2000.
From the Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University,
Boston, Massachusetts.
Objective. To quantify and
characterize the depiction of alcohol, tobacco, and other substances in
G-rated animated feature films.
Method. The content of all G-rated animated feature films
released in theaters between 1937 and 2000, recorded in English, and
available on videocassette in the United States by October 31, 2000, was reviewed for portrayals of alcohol, tobacco, and other substances and their use. Duration of scenes depicting alcohol, tobacco, or other
substances; type of characters using them (good, neutral, or bad); and
correlation of amount and type used with character type and movie type
were evaluated.
Results. Of the 81 films reviewed, 38 films (47%) showed
alcohol use (mean exposure: 42 seconds per film; range: 2 seconds to
2.9 minutes) and 35 films (43%) showed tobacco use (mean exposure: 2.1 minutes per film; range: 2 seconds to 10.5 minutes). Analysis of time trends showed a significant decrease in both tobacco and alcohol use
over time (both corrected for total screen duration and uncorrected.) No films showed the use of illicit drugs, although 3 films showed characters consuming a substance that transfigured them and 2 films
showed characters injected with a drug. Analysis of the correlation of
alcohol and tobacco depiction revealed several scenes in which alcohol
and tobacco were shown in use in the same scene and that bar scenes in
these movies depict a significant amount of drinking, smoking, and
violence. Three films contained a message that a character should stop
smoking but none contained messages about restricting consumption of
alcohol.
Conclusions. The depiction of alcohol and tobacco use in
G-rated animated films seems to be decreasing over time. Nonetheless,
parents should be aware that nearly half of the G-rated animated
feature films available on videocassette show alcohol and tobacco use as normative behavior and do not convey the long-term consequences of
this use.
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