PEDIATRICS Vol. 107 No. 6 June 2001, pp. 1363-1368
Parental Monitoring: Association With Adolescents' Risk Behaviors
Received Apr 12, 2000; accepted Nov 13, 2000.
, §,,,
,
From the * Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health
Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia; the
Context. Contemporary threats to
adolescents' health are primarily the consequence of risk behaviors
and their related adverse outcomes. Identifying factors associated with
adolescents' risk behaviors is critical for developing effective
prevention strategies. A number of risk factors have been identified,
including familial environment; however, few studies have examined the
impact of parental monitoring.
Objective. To examine the influence of less perceived
parental monitoring on a spectrum of adolescent health-compromising
behaviors and outcomes.
Design. Survey.
Setting. A family medicine clinic.
Participants. To assess eligibility, recruiters screened a
sample of 1130 teens residing in low-income neighborhoods. Adolescents
were eligible if they were black females, between the ages of 14 and 18 years, sexually active in the previous 6 months, and provided written informed consent. Most teens (n = 609) were
eligible, with 522 (85.7%) agreeing to participate.
Main Outcome Measures. Variables in 6 domains were
assessed, including: sexually transmitted diseases, sexual behaviors,
marijuana use, alcohol use, antisocial behavior, and violence.
Results. In logistic regression analyses, controlling for
observed covariates, adolescents perceiving less parental monitoring
were more likely to test positive for a sexually transmitted disease (odds ratio [OR]: 1.7), report not using a condom at last sexual intercourse (OR: 1.7), have multiple sexual partners in the past 6 months (OR: 2.0), have risky sex partners (OR: 1.5), have a new sex
partner in the past 30 days (OR: 3.0), and not use any contraception
during the last sexual intercourse episode (OR: 1.9). Furthermore,
adolescents perceiving less parental monitoring were more likely to
have a history of marijuana use and use marijuana more often in the
past 30 days (OR: 2.3 and OR: 2.5, respectively); a history of alcohol
use and greater alcohol consumption in the past 30 days (OR: 1.4 and OR: 1.9, respectively); have a history of arrest (OR: 2.1); and
there was a trend toward having engaged in fights in the past 6 months (OR: 1.4).
Conclusions. The findings demonstrate a consistent pattern
of health risk behaviors and adverse biological outcomes associated
with less perceived parental monitoring. Additional research needs to
focus on developing theoretical models that help explain the influence of familial environment on adolescent health and develop and evaluate interventions to promote the health of
adolescents.
Emory/Atlanta Center for AIDS Research, Atlanta, Georgia; the
§ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases,
Epidemiology, and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine,
Atlanta, Georgia; the Nell Hodgson Woodruff
School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; the
¶ Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of
Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; the # Department of Medicine, Division of
Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Alabama,
Birmingham, Alabama; and the ** Department of Pediatrics, School of
Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.
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