PEDIATRICS Vol. 106 No. 2 August 2000, pp. 351-357
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS:
Palliative Care for Children
This statement presents an integrated model for providing palliative care for children living with a life-threatening or terminal condition. Advice on the development of a palliative care plan and on working with parents and children is also provided. Barriers to the provision of effective pediatric palliative care and potential solutions are identified. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the development and broad availability of pediatric palliative care services based on child-specific guidelines and standards. Such services will require widely distributed and effective palliative care education of pediatric health care professionals. The Academy offers guidance on responding to requests for hastening death, but does not support the practice of physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia for children.
.
Statement of reaffirmation:
- AAP Publications Retired or Reaffirmed, October 2006
Pediatrics 119: 405-405.[Full Text]
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
C Knapp, L Thompson, V Madden, and E Shenkman Paediatricians' perceptions on referrals to paediatric palliative care Palliative Medicine, July 1, 2009; 23(5): 418 - 424. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. A. Thompson, C. Knapp, V. Madden, and E. Shenkman Pediatricians' Perceptions of and Preferred Timing for Pediatric Palliative Care Pediatrics, May 1, 2009; 123(5): e777 - e782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Viola, D. C. Leven, and J. C. LePere End-of-life Care: An Interdisciplinary Perspective American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, April 1, 2009; 26(2): 75 - 78. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S Cadell, G Ho, L Jacques, K Wilson, B Davies, and R Steele Considerations for ethics in multisite research in paediatric palliative care Palliative Medicine, April 1, 2009; 23(3): 274 - 275. [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. E. Lyon, P. A. Garvie, R. McCarter, L. Briggs, J. He, and L. J. D'Angelo Who Will Speak for Me? Improving End-of-Life Decision-Making for Adolescents With HIV and Their Families Pediatrics, February 1, 2009; 123(2): e199 - e206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Akpinar, M. O. Senses, and R. Aydin Er Attitudes to End-of-Life Decisions in Paediatric Intensive Care Nursing Ethics, January 1, 2009; 16(1): 83 - 92. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. L. Johnston, K. Nagel, D. L. Friedman, J. L. Meza, C. A. Hurwitz, and S. Friebert Availability and Use of Palliative Care and End-of-Life Services for Pediatric Oncology Patients J. Clin. Oncol., October 1, 2008; 26(28): 4646 - 4650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P Weisleder Physicians as healthcare surrogate for terminally ill children J. Med. Ethics, September 1, 2008; 34(9): e8 - e8. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. M. Linton and C. Feudtner What Accounts for Differences or Disparities in Pediatric Palliative and End-of-Life Care? A Systematic Review Focusing on Possible Multilevel Mechanisms Pediatrics, September 1, 2008; 122(3): 574 - 582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. E. Ross, J. Hicks, and W. L. Furman Preschool As Palliative Care J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 2008; 26(22): 3797 - 3799. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. J. Sheetz and M.-A. S. Bowman Pediatric Palliative Care: An Assessment of Physicians' Confidence in Skills, Desire for Training, and Willingness to Refer for End-of-Life Care American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, May 1, 2008; 25(2): 100 - 105. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Pritchard, E. Burghen, D. K. Srivastava, J. Okuma, L. Anderson, B. Powell, W. L. Furman, and P. S. Hinds Cancer-Related Symptoms Most Concerning to Parents During the Last Week and Last Day of Their Child's Life Pediatrics, May 1, 2008; 121(5): e1301 - e1309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. N. Lanken, P. B. Terry, H. M. DeLisser, B. F. Fahy, J. Hansen-Flaschen, J. E. Heffner, M. Levy, R. A. Mularski, M. L. Osborne, T. J. Prendergast, et al. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Policy Statement: Palliative Care for Patients with Respiratory Diseases and Critical Illnesses Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 15, 2008; 177(8): 912 - 927. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Wolfe, J. F. Hammel, K. E. Edwards, J. Duncan, M. Comeau, J. Breyer, S. A. Aldridge, H. E. Grier, C. Berde, V. Dussel, et al. Easing of Suffering in Children With Cancer at the End of Life: Is Care Changing? J. Clin. Oncol., April 1, 2008; 26(10): 1717 - 1723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. E. McCabe, E. A. Hunt, and J. R. Serwint Pediatric Residents' Clinical and Educational Experiences With End-of-Life Care Pediatrics, April 1, 2008; 121(4): e731 - e737. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Davies, S. A. Sehring, J. C. Partridge, B. A. Cooper, A. Hughes, J. C. Philp, A. Amidi-Nouri, and R. F. Kramer Barriers to Palliative Care for Children: Perceptions of Pediatric Health Care Providers Pediatrics, February 1, 2008; 121(2): 282 - 288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Monterosso and L. J. Kristjanson Supportive and palliative care needs of families of children who die from cancer: an Australian study Palliative Medicine, January 1, 2008; 22(1): 59 - 69. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Monterosso, L. J. Kristjanson, S. Aoun, and M. B. Phillips Supportive and palliative care needs of families of children with life-threatening illnesses in Western Australia: evidence to guide the development of a palliative care service Palliative Medicine, December 1, 2007; 21(8): 689 - 696. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Clarke and S. Quin Professional Carers' Experiences of Providing a Pediatric Palliative Care Service in Ireland Qual Health Res, November 1, 2007; 17(9): 1219 - 1231. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Vickers, A. Thompson, G. S. Collins, M. Childs, and R. Hain Place and Provision of Palliative Care for Children With Progressive Cancer: A Study by the Paediatric Oncology Nurses' Forum/United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group Palliative Care Working Group J. Clin. Oncol., October 1, 2007; 25(28): 4472 - 4476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. S. Hinds, J. Brandon, C. Allen, N. Hijiya, R. Newsome, and J. R. Kane Patient-reported Outcomes in End-of-Life Research in Pediatric Oncology J. Pediatr. Psychol., October 1, 2007; 32(9): 1079 - 1088. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Tomlinson, U. Bartels, E. Hendershot, J. Constantin, G. Wrathall, and L. Sung Challenges to participation in paediatric palliative care research: a review of the literature Palliative Medicine, July 1, 2007; 21(5): 435 - 440. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Bluebond-Langner, J. B. Belasco, A. Goldman, and C. Belasco Understanding Parents' Approaches to Care and Treatment of Children With Cancer When Standard Therapy Has Failed J. Clin. Oncol., June 10, 2007; 25(17): 2414 - 2419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Weisleder Dignified Death for Severely Impaired Infants: Beyond the Best-Interest Standard J Child Neurol, June 1, 2007; 22(6): 737 - 740. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Ramnarayan, F. Craig, A. Petros, and C. Pierce Characteristics of deaths occurring in hospitalised children: changing trends J. Med. Ethics, May 1, 2007; 33(5): 255 - 260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. C. McClain and Z. N. Kain Pediatric Palliative Care: A Novel Approach to Children With Sickle Cell Disease Pediatrics, March 1, 2007; 119(3): 612 - 614. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Child Life Council and Committee on Hospital Care Child Life Services Pediatrics, October 1, 2006; 118(4): 1757 - 1763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. R. Robinson, M. M. Thiel, M. M. Backus, and E. C. Meyer Matters of Spirituality at the End of Life in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Pediatrics, September 1, 2006; 118(3): e719 - e729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. C. Kolarik, G. Walker, and R. M. Arnold Pediatric resident education in palliative care: a needs assessment. Pediatrics, June 1, 2006; 117(6): 1949 - 1954. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Fowler, K. Poehling, D. Billheimer, R. Hamilton, H. Wu, J. Mulder, and H. Frangoul Hospice Referral Practices for Children With Cancer: A Survey of Pediatric Oncologists J. Clin. Oncol., March 1, 2006; 24(7): 1099 - 1104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. C. Meyer, M. D. Ritholz, J. P. Burns, and R. D. Truog Improving the Quality of End-of-Life Care in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Parents' Priorities and Recommendations Pediatrics, March 1, 2006; 117(3): 649 - 657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. W. Mack, J. M. Hilden, J. Watterson, C. Moore, B. Turner, H. E. Grier, J. C. Weeks, and J. Wolfe Parent and Physician Perspectives on Quality of Care at the End of Life in Children With Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., December 20, 2005; 23(36): 9155 - 9161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Fauriel, G. Moutel, N. Duchange, L. Montuclard, M.-L. Moutard, P. Cochat, and C. Herve Decision making concerning life-sustaining treatment in paediatric nephrology: professionals' experiences and values Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., December 1, 2005; 20(12): 2746 - 2750. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Ward-Smith, S. Kirk, M. Hetherington, and C. L. Hubble Having a Child Diagnosed With Cancer: An Assessment of Values From the Mother's Viewpoint Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, November 1, 2005; 22(6): 320 - 327. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. B. Siden The Emerging Issue of Euthanasia Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, September 1, 2005; 159(9): 887 - 889. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. H. Cohen and K. J. Kemper Complementary Therapies in Pediatrics: A Legal Perspective Pediatrics, March 1, 2005; 115(3): 774 - 780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. E. Fallat, J. K. Deshpande, and Section on Surgery, Section on Anesthesia and Pain Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders for Pediatric Patients Who Require Anesthesia and Surgery Pediatrics, December 1, 2004; 114(6): 1686 - 1692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. A. Hurwitz, J. Duncan, and J. Wolfe Caring for the Child With Cancer at the Close of Life: "There Are People Who Make It, and I'm Hoping I'm One of Them" JAMA, November 3, 2004; 292(17): 2141 - 2149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. A. Contro, J. Larson, S. Scofield, B. Sourkes, and H. J. Cohen Hospital Staff and Family Perspectives Regarding Quality of Pediatric Palliative Care Pediatrics, November 1, 2004; 114(5): 1248 - 1252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. B. Noll and S. Fischer Commentary. Health and Behavior CPT Codes: An Opportunity to Revolutionize Reimbursement in Pediatric Psychology J. Pediatr. Psychol., October 1, 2004; 29(7): 571 - 578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. S. Carter, M. Howenstein, M. J. Gilmer, P. Throop, D. France, and J. A. Whitlock Circumstances Surrounding the Deaths of Hospitalized Children: Opportunities for Pediatric Palliative Care Pediatrics, September 1, 2004; 114(3): e361 - e366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. M. Ulrich, C. Grady, and D. Wendler Palliative Care: A Supportive Adjunct to Pediatric Phase I Clinical Trials for Anticancer Agents? Pediatrics, September 1, 2004; 114(3): 852 - 855. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Respiratory Care of the Patient with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: ATS Consensus Statement Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 15, 2004; 170(4): 456 - 465. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Rallison and N. J. Moules The Unspeakable Nature of Pediatric Palliative Care: Unveiling Many Cloaks Journal of Family Nursing, August 1, 2004; 10(3): 287 - 301. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Serwint Physicians must address emotional toll of patient's death AAP News, August 1, 2004; 25(2): 81 - 81. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. B. Harris Palliative Care in Children With Cancer: Which Child and When? J Natl Cancer Inst Monographs, July 1, 2004; 2004(32): 144 - 149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. A. Seecharan, E. M. Andresen, K. Norris, and S. S. Toce Parents' Assessment of Quality of Care and Grief Following a Child's Death Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, June 1, 2004; 158(6): 515 - 520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Sandler, C. Kennedy, and E. Shapiro Parental Grief and Palliative Care Require Attention Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, June 1, 2004; 158(6): 590 - 591. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. M. Andresen, G. A. Seecharan, and S. S. Toce Provider Perceptions of Child Deaths Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, May 1, 2004; 158(5): 430 - 435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. P. Himelstein, J. M. Hilden, A. M. Boldt, and D. Weissman Pediatric Palliative Care N. Engl. J. Med., April 22, 2004; 350(17): 1752 - 1762. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. J. Mears Adherence to Advance Directives AAP Grand Rounds, February 1, 2004; 11(2): 21 - 22. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. S. Franck Nursing management of children's pain: Current evidence and future directions for research Journal of Research in Nursing, September 1, 2003; 8(5): 330 - 353. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. H. Levi Withdrawing Nutrition and Hydration from Children: Legal, Ethical, and Professional Issues Clinical Pediatrics, March 1, 2003; 42(2): 139 - 145. [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Byock and S. H. Miles Hospice Benefits and Phase I Cancer Trials Ann Intern Med, February 18, 2003; 138(4): 335 - 337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Goldson Pediatricians should not give up on children with life-limiting illnesses AAP News, December 1, 2002; 21(6): 286 - 288. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. H. Levi Ethical Conflicts Between Residents and Attending Physicians Clinical Pediatrics, November 1, 2002; 41(9): 659 - 667. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. M. STILLION and D. PAPADATOU Suffer the Children: An Examination of Psychosocial Issues in Children and Adolescents with Terminal Illness American Behavioral Scientist, October 1, 2002; 46(2): 299 - 315. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Feudtner, D. A. Christakis, F. J. Zimmerman, J. H. Muldoon, J. M. Neff, and T. D. Koepsell Characteristics of Deaths Occurring in Children's Hospitals: Implications for Supportive Care Services Pediatrics, May 1, 2002; 109(5): 887 - 893. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Hutton Pediatric Palliative Care: The Time Has Come Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, January 1, 2002; 156(1): 9 - 10. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Meier Academy argues that care for dying children is inadequate AAP News, November 1, 2001; 19(5): 198 - 198. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Feudtner, R. M. Hays, G. Haynes, J. R. Geyer, J. M. Neff, and T. D. Koepsell Deaths Attributed to Pediatric Complex Chronic Conditions: National Trends and Implications for Supportive Care Services Pediatrics, June 1, 2001; 107(6): e99 - 99. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. R. Kane and M. Primomo Alleviating the suffering of seriously ill children American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, May 1, 2001; 18(3): 161 - 169. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. T. Keenan Pediatric Residents' Attitudes Towards Death and Dying AAP Grand Rounds, February 1, 2001; 5(2): 17 - 18. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. W Szlosarek and A. Goldman Recent advances in palliative care BMJ, January 27, 2001; 322(7280): 234 - 234. [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
F. Aulino and K. Foley Professional education in end-of-life care: a US perspective J R Soc Med, January 9, 2001; 94(9): 472 - 476. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect and Committee Forgoing Life-Sustaining Medical Treatment in Abused Children Pediatrics, November 1, 2000; 106(5): 1151 - 1153. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
H. L. Falik Academy calls for child-specific approach to palliative care AAP News, August 1, 2000; 17(2): 51 - 51. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. P. Hymel, T. C. Abshire, D. W. Luckey, and C. Jenny Coagulopathy in Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma Pediatrics, March 1, 1997; 99(3): 371 - 375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||





























