PEDIATRICS Vol. 105 No. 2 February 2000, pp. 454-461
This statement is intended for health care professionals caring for neonates (preterm to 1 month of age). The objectives of this statement are to:
1. Increase awareness that neonates experience pain;
2. Provide a physiological basis for neonatal pain and stress assessment and management by health care professionals;
3. Make recommendations for reduced exposure of the neonate to noxious stimuli and to minimize associated adverse outcomes; and
4. Recommend effective and safe interventions that relieve pain and stress.
The following policy statement is a revision:
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
B. Carter What pain assessment guidelines tell us and what they may miss J Child Health Care, September 1, 2008; 12(3): 170 - 172. [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Codipietro, M. Ceccarelli, and A. Ponzone Breastfeeding or Oral Sucrose Solution in Term Neonates Receiving Heel Lance: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Pediatrics, September 1, 2008; 122(3): e716 - e721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J.-C. Roze, S. Denizot, R. Carbajal, P.-Y. Ancel, M. Kaminski, C. Arnaud, P. Truffert, S. Marret, J. Matis, G. Thiriez, et al. Prolonged Sedation and/or Analgesia and 5-Year Neurodevelopment Outcome in Very Preterm Infants: Results From the EPIPAGE Cohort Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, August 1, 2008; 162(8): 728 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Carbajal, A. Rousset, C. Danan, S. Coquery, P. Nolent, S. Ducrocq, C. Saizou, A. Lapillonne, M. Granier, P. Durand, et al. Epidemiology and Treatment of Painful Procedures in Neonates in Intensive Care Units JAMA, July 2, 2008; 300(1): 60 - 70. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Taddio BScPhm PhD, V. Shah MD MSc, R. Hancock MSc, R. W. Smith BASc MSc, D. Stephens MSc, E. Atenafu MSc, J. Beyene PhD, G. Koren MD, B. Stevens RN PhD, and J. Katz PhD Effectiveness of sucrose analgesia in newborns undergoing painful medical procedures Can. Med. Assoc. J., July 1, 2008; 179(1): 37 - 43. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn and Section on Surg, Canadian Paediatric Society, and Fetus and Newborn Committee Prevention and Management of Pain in the Neonate: An Update Pediatrics, November 1, 2006; 118(5): 2231 - 2241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K J S Anand and R W Hall Pharmacological therapy for analgesia and sedation in the newborn. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., November 1, 2006; 91(6): F448 - F453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. J. Sharek, R. Powers, A. Koehn, and K. J.S. Anand Evaluation and Development of Potentially Better Practices to Improve Pain Management of Neonates Pediatrics, November 1, 2006; 118(Supplement_2): S78 - S86. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Lefrak, K. Burch, R. Caravantes, K. Knoerlein, N. DeNolf, J. Duncan, F. Hampton, C. Johnston, D. Lockey, C. M.-W. RN, et al. Sucrose Analgesia: Identifying Potentially Better Practices Pediatrics, November 1, 2006; 118(Supplement_2): S197 - S202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. D. Roberts, T. A. Leone, W. H. Edwards, W. D. Rich, and N. N. Finer Premedication for Nonemergent Neonatal Intubations: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Atropine and Fentanyl to Atropine, Fentanyl, and Mivacurium Pediatrics, October 1, 2006; 118(4): 1583 - 1591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. J. Taylor, J. M. Robbins, J. I. Gold, T. R. Logsdon, T. M. Bird, and K. J. S. Anand Assessing Postoperative Pain in Neonates: A Multicenter Observational Study Pediatrics, October 1, 2006; 118(4): e992 - e1000. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Kozer, E. Rosenbloom, D. Goldman, G. Lavy, N. Rosenfeld, and M. Goldman Pain in Infants Who Are Younger Than 2 Months During Suprapubic Aspiration and Transurethral Bladder Catheterization: A Randomized, Controlled Study Pediatrics, July 1, 2006; 118(1): e51 - e56. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S H P Simons, D W E Roofthooft, M van Dijk, R A van Lingen, H J Duivenvoorden, J N van den Anker, and D Tibboel Morphine in ventilated neonates: its effects on arterial blood pressure Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., January 1, 2006; 91(1): F46 - F51. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. D. Armstrong Analgesia for Children With Acute Abdominal Pain: A Cautious Move to Improved Pain Management Pediatrics, October 1, 2005; 116(4): 1018 - 1019. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S Ogawa, T Ogihara, E Fujiwara, K Ito, M Nakano, S Nakayama, T Hachiya, N Fujimoto, H Abe, S Ban, et al. Venepuncture is preferable to heel lance for blood sampling in term neonates Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., September 1, 2005; 90(5): F432 - F436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Carbajal, R. Lenclen, M. Jugie, A. Paupe, B. A. Barton, and K. J. S. Anand Morphine Does Not Provide Adequate Analgesia for Acute Procedural Pain Among Preterm Neonates Pediatrics, June 1, 2005; 115(6): 1494 - 1500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Gal, G. E Kissling, W. O Young, K. K Dunaway, V. A Marsh, S. M Jones, D. H Shockley, N. L Weaver, R. Q Carlos, and J L. Ransom Efficacy of Sucrose to Reduce Pain in Premature Infants During Eye Examinations for Retinopathy of Prematurity Ann. Pharmacother., June 1, 2005; 39(6): 1029 - 1033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. A Marsh, W. O Young, K. K Dunaway, G. E Kissling, R. Q Carlos, S. M Jones, D. H Shockley, N. L Weaver, J L. Ransom, and P. Gal Efficacy of Topical Anesthetics to Reduce Pain in Premature Infants During Eye Examinations for Retinopathy of Prematurity Ann. Pharmacother., May 1, 2005; 39(5): 829 - 833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. W. Hall and K.J.S. Anand Short- and Long-term Impact of Neonatal Pain and Stress: More Than an Ouchie NeoReviews, February 1, 2005; 6(2): e69 - e75. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Khurana, R. W. Hall, and K.J.S. Anand Treatment of Pain and Stress in the Neonate: When and How NeoReviews, February 1, 2005; 6(2): e76 - e86. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. O'Rourke The Measurement of Pain in Infants, Children, and Adolescents: From Policy to Practice Physical Therapy, June 1, 2004; 84(6): 560 - 570. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. H. P. Simons, M. van Dijk, R. A. van Lingen, D. Roofthooft, H. J. Duivenvoorden, N. Jongeneel, C. Bunkers, E. Smink, K. J. S. Anand, J. N. van den Anker, et al. Routine Morphine Infusion in Preterm Newborns Who Received Ventilatory Support: A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA, November 12, 2003; 290(18): 2419 - 2427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. H. P. Simons, M. van Dijk, K. S. Anand, D. Roofthooft, R. A. van Lingen, and D. Tibboel Do We Still Hurt Newborn Babies?: A Prospective Study of Procedural Pain and Analgesia in Neonates Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, November 1, 2003; 157(11): 1058 - 1064. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. Shah, A. Taddio, K. Kulasekaran, L. O'Brien, E. Perkins, and E. Kelly Evaluation of a New Lancet Device (BD QuikHeel) on Pain Response and Success of Procedure in Term Neonates Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, November 1, 2003; 157(11): 1075 - 1078. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. S. Franck Nursing management of children's pain: Current evidence and future directions for research Journal of Research in Nursing, September 1, 2003; 8(5): 330 - 353. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. C. Johnston, F. Filion, L. Snider, A. Majnemer, C. Limperopoulos, C.-D. Walker, A. Veilleux, E. Pelausa, H. Cake, S. Stone, et al. Routine Sucrose Analgesia During the First Week of Life in Neonates Younger Than 31 Weeks' Postconceptional Age Pediatrics, September 1, 2002; 110(3): 523 - 528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Hill, A. Taddio, and G. Koren Pain Indication in Circumcision Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, December 1, 2000; 154(12): 1275 - 1275. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Wallace High-tech, creative techniques help reduce children's pain AAP News, September 6, 2000; 17(3): 122 - 123. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. D McMillan Pacifiers have greater analgesic effect than sweet solutions during venipuncture in full term newborns Evid. Based Med., July 1, 2000; 5(4): 122 - 122. [Full Text] |
||||