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PEDIATRICS Vol. 103 No. 4 April 1999, pp. 748-752

Ipratropium Bromide Added to Asthma Treatment in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Received Jul 2, 1998; accepted Sep 17, 1998.

Joseph J. Zorc*, Martin V. Pusic*, C. Jean Ogborn*, Ruth Lebet*, and Anne K. DugganDagger

From the * Divisions of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Dagger  General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.

Objective.  To determine if the addition of ipratropium bromide to the emergency department (ED) treatment of childhood asthma reduces time to discharge, number of nebulizer treatments before discharge, and the rate of hospitalization.

Methods.  Patients >12 months of age were eligible if they were to be treated according to a standardized ED protocol for acute asthma with nebulized albuterol (2.5 mg/dose if weight <30 kg, otherwise 5 mg/dose) and oral prednisone or prednisolone (2 mg/kg up to 80 mg). Subjects were randomized to receive either ipratropium (250 µg/dose) or normal saline (1 mL/dose) with each of the first three nebulized albuterol doses. Further treatment after the first hour was determined by physicians blinded to subject group assignment. Records were reviewed to determine the length of time to discharge home from the ED, number of doses of albuterol given before discharge, and the number of patients admitted to the hospital.

Results.  Four hundred twenty-seven patients were randomized to ipratropium or control groups; these groups were similar in all baseline measures. Among patients discharged from the ED, ipratropium group subjects had 13% shorter treatment time (mean, 185 minutes, vs control, 213 minutes) and fewer total albuterol doses (median, three, vs control, four). Admission rates did not differ significantly (18%, vs control, 22%).

Conclusions.  The addition of three doses of ipratropium to an ED treatment protocol for acute asthma was associated with reductions in duration and amount of treatment before discharge.  Key words:  asthma, ipratropium, albuterol, randomized controlled trial, emergencies, child, adolescence, critical pathway, practice guidelines.




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