PEDIATRICS Vol. 103 No. 1 January 1999, pp. 47-51
Once-Daily Therapy for Streptococcal Pharyngitis With Amoxicillin
Received Mar 20, 1998; accepted Jun 18, 1998.
,
, and
From the * Department of Family Medicine and Pediatrics,
University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut
Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut; the Department of
Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Connecticut
Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; § Private Practice,
Danbury, Connecticut; the Department of Laboratory Medicine,
University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut; and
the ¶ Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of
Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Objective. An orally administered
antimicrobial regimen for the treatment of group A 
-hemolytic
streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis given once rather than multiple times
each day would be more convenient and might result in improved patient
compliance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness
of once-daily amoxicillin in the treatment of GABHS pharyngitis.
Patients. Children presenting to a private pediatric office with GABHS pharyngitis.
Design. Patients were randomly assigned to receive orally either amoxicillin (750 mg once daily) or penicillin V (250 mg three times a day) for 10 days. Compliance was monitored by urine antimicrobial activity.
Outcomes. Outcomes were measured by impact on the clinical course, eradication of GABHS within 18 to 24 hours, and bacteriologic treatment failure rate as determined by follow-up throat cultures 4 to 6 and 14 to 21 days after completing therapy. GABHS isolates were serotyped to distinguish bacteriologic treatment failures (same serotype as initial throat culture) from new acquisitions (different serotypes).
Results. During the 16 months of this study, 152 children between 4 and 18 years of age (mean, 9.9 years) were enrolled; 79 children were randomly assigned to receive once-daily amoxicillin and 73 were assigned to receive penicillin V three times a day. The children in the two treatment groups were comparable with respect to age, duration of illness before initiation of therapy, compliance, and signs and symptoms at presentation. There was no significant difference in the clinical or bacteriologic responses of the patients in the two treatment groups at the 18- to 24-hour follow-up visit. Bacteriologic treatment failures occurred in 4 (5%) of the 79 patients in the amoxicillin group and in 8 (11%) of the 73 patients in the penicillin V group.
Conclusions. These data demonstrate that once-daily amoxicillin therapy is as effective as penicillin V therapy given three times a day for the treatment of GABHS pharyngitis, and if confirmed by additional investigations, once-daily amoxicillin therapy could become an alternative regimen for the treatment of this disease. Key words: group A streptococcal, pharyngitis, treatment, amoxicillin, Streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcal infections.
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