PEDIATRICS Vol. 101 No. 3 March 1998, pp. 349-354
Medications Used by Children With Asthma Living in the Inner City
Received Mar 3, 1997; accepted Aug 20, 1997.
,,
, and
From the Departments of * Pediatrics and Medicine, the Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine and the § Johns Hopkins
University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland; and the
Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, Howard University School
of Medicine, Washington, DC.
Objective. The purpose of the study was to examine medication use reported by families participating in an urban school-based community intervention program and to relate this use to other social and medical variables.
Design. The design of the study was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.
Setting. Patients and their families recruited from elementary schools in a community setting were interviewed between December 1991 and January 1992.
Participants. A total of 508 children with asthma were identified by school health records and teacher surveys. Their families confirmed the diagnosis and agreed to enter the study. Questionnaires were completed by 392 families.
Intervention. The 392 families participated in a controlled trial of asthma education after providing the data that are the basis of this report.
Results. More than half of the children took two or more
medications for asthma. Thirty-one percent took theophylline alone or
in combination with an adrenergic agent; 11% took some form of daily
antiinflammatory medication, either cromolyn (8%) or inhaled steroids
(3%). The pattern of medication use related to measures of severity
and to regular visits to physicians or nurses. In general, however,
children were undermedicated. A total of 78 children (20%) reported no
medication or over-the-counter medication use, although 37% reported
asthma severe enough to be associated with 
20 days of school
missed per month, and 37% had had an emergency room visit for asthma
in the past 6 months. More than half of children 9 years old
supervised their own medication.
Conclusions. We concluded that undermedication is common in poor children with asthma living in urban areas. Antiinflammatory medications are used less commonly than in the general population, and theophylline is used more often. School children may be likely to supervise their own medication.
Key words: asthma, medications, minorities, epidemiology.
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