PEDIATRICS Vol. 101 No. 1 Supplement January 1998, pp. 165-171
Otitis Media
Principles of Judicious Use of
Antimicrobial Agents
Received Aug 8, 1997; accepted Sep 11, 1997.
,
, and
From the * Childhood and Respiratory Diseases Branch, National
Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kaiser Permanente, Panorama City,
California; § Northwest Family Medicine, Seattle, Washington; and
Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut.
Otitis media is the leading indication for outpatient antimicrobial use in the United States. Overdiagnosis of and unnecessary prescribing for this condition has contributed to the spread of antimicrobial resistance. A critical step in reducing unnecessary prescribing is to identify the subset of patients who are unlikely to benefit from antibiotics. Conscientiously distinguishing acute otitis media (AOM) from otitis media with effusion (OME), and deferring antibiotics for OME will accomplish this goal, and will avoid up to 8 million unnecessary courses of antibiotics annually. Criteria for defining these conditions are presented, as well as the evidence supporting deferring antibiotic treatment. Discussions of shortened courses of antibiotics for AOM and restricted indications for antimicrobial prophylaxis are also presented.
Key words: antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial use, otitis media, upper respiratory infection, antimicrobial therapy, pediatrics, acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, prophylaxis.
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