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PEDIATRICS Vol. 100 No. 4 October 1997, pp. 682-688
2000 Grams: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Received Nov 19, 1996; accepted Feb 27, 1997.
,
From the * Programa Madre Canguro ISS-World Laboratory,
Fundación Canguro, Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia; Unidad
de Epidemiología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina,
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, INCLEN and Fundación Canguro,
Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia; § Instituto de Seguros Sociales de
Colombia, Programa Madre Canguro ISS-World Laboratory, Fundación
Canguro, Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia; and Evaluation
Medicale, Medico-Sociale et Sante Publique (EVAL), Paris, France.
Background. In 1978, kangaroo mother care (KMC) was proposed as a caring alternative for low birth weight (LBW) infants. We are reporting here early outcomes of a randomized, controlled trial comparing KMC to traditional care.
Method. An open randomized, controlled trial was
conducted in a large tertiary care hospital. All newborn infants 
2000
g, surviving the neonatal period and being eligible for a minimal care
unit, were included. A total of 1084 newborns 2000 g were followed,
and 746 were randomized
382 to KMC and 364 to traditional care. KMC
infants were discharged after randomization, regardless of weight or
gestational age. Infants spent 24 hours per day in an upright position,
in skin-to-skin contact, and attached to the mother's chest. After
randomization, control infants remained at the minimal care unit until
meeting usual discharge criteria. Both groups are being followed up to
12 months of corrected age; 679 (90%) were available for evaluation
when they reached term (40 to 41 weeks of postconceptional age). The
present paper reports early outcomes (when reaching term) including
mortality, infectious episodes, hospital stay after eligibility, and
growth and feeding patterns.
Results. Both study groups were similar regarding all
baseline variables but weight at eligibility. The risk of dying was similar in both groups (relative risk = 0.59, 95% confidence
interval 0.22-1.6). There were no differences in growth indices.
Nosocomial infections were more frequent in control infants. Hospital
stay after eligibility was shorter in KMC, primarily for infants
1800 g.
Conclusions. These results show that KMC is a safe approach to the care of clinically stable LBW infants. Our findings provide the necessary scientific support to a method that is already incorporated in the care of LBW infants at many hospitals around the world and at different levels of care.
Key words: kangaroo mother care, skin-to-skin contact, early discharge of low birth weight infant, randomized, controlled trial.
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