| Exposure or Characteristic |
Brain Tumors
|
Sympathetic Nervous System
|
| Known |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gender |
Type |
M:F |
Age-adjusted incidence (per million) |
M:F |
Age-adjusted incidence (per million) |
|
All brain tumors |
1.2 |
25.9 |
1.1 |
7.9 |
|
Astrocytomas |
1.1 |
13.4 |
|
|
|
Primitive neuroectodermal tumors |
1.7 |
5.0 |
|
|
|
Other gliomas |
1.0 |
4.4 |
|
|
|
Ependymomas |
2.0 |
2.1 |
|
|
| Age peak |
Infancy |
|
|
Infancy |
|
| Race |
W:B = 1.2 |
|
|
W:B = 1.8 |
|
| Other factors |
Ionizing radiation |
|
|
|
|
|
Genetic disorders |
|
|
|
|
|
Neurofibromatosis |
|
|
|
|
|
Tuberous sclerosis |
|
|
|
|
|
Nevoid basal cell syndrome |
|
|
|
|
|
Turcot syndrome |
|
|
|
|
|
Li-Fraumeni syndrome |
|
|
|
|
| Suggestive |
Maternal diet during pregnancy |
|
|
|
|
|
Cured meats |
|
|
|
|
|
Sibling or parent with brain tumor increases risk |
|
|
|
|
| Limited |
Some paternal occupations, including aircraft industry; agriculture; electronics manufacturing; petroleum industry; painting; paper or |
Selected medications taken during pregnancy |
|
pulp mill work; printing; metal-related occupations; and occupations involving exposure to paint, ionizing radiation, solvents, and electromagnetic fields |
Fertility drug use before pregnancy |
|
Use of products containing N-nitroso compounds, including beer, incense, makeup, antihistamines, etc |
Maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy |
|
Residential pesticides |
Selected paternal occupational exposures |
|
Family history of epilepsy, mental retardation |
Agricultural, pesticides |
|
|
|
|
Hydrocarbons, rubber, paint |
|
|
|
|
Dusts, electrical components |