| Exposure or Characteristic |
Leukemia
|
Lymphoma
|
| Acute Lymphoblastic |
Acute Myeloid |
Hodgkin Disease |
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma |
|
| Known |
|
|
|
|
| Gender |
M:F = 1.3 |
M:F = 1.1 |
M:F = 1.3 |
M:F = 3.0 |
| Age peak |
2–4 years |
Infancy |
Adolescence |
Adolescence |
| Age-adjusted incidence |
26.3 per million |
6.5 per million |
13.8 per million |
9.9 per million |
| Race |
W:B = 2.0 |
W:B = 1.0 |
W:B = 1.3 |
W:B = 1.4 |
| Other factors |
Birth weight >4000 g |
Monozygotic twins of |
Immunosuppressive therapy |
|
Ionizing radiation |
young adults |
|
|
Diagnostic, in utero |
Affected siblings |
Congenital immunodeficiency |
|
Therapeutic, postnatal ALL and AML |
Epstein-Barr virus linked |
syndromes (eg, ataxia, |
|
Down syndrome |
with some forms |
telangiectasia) |
|
ALL and AML M7 |
|
|
|
Congenital disorders, ataxia telangiectasia, Fanconi syndrome, Bloom syndrome, neurofibromatosis |
Infectious mononucleosis |
AIDS |
| Suggestive |
Maternal fetal loss |
Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy |
|
|
|
Mother older than 35 years at pregnancy |
|
|
|
|
First born |
Parental occupational exposures |
|
|
|
|
- Benzene |
|
|
|
|
- Pesticides |
|
|
| Limited |
Paternal smoking before |
Maternal marijuana use |
Residential exposures |
|
|
conception |
during pregnancy |
Pesticides |
|
|
Parental occupational exposures |
Parental occupational exposures |
|
|
|
Hydrocarbons |
Pesticides |
|
|
|
Paints |
|
|
|
|
Motor vehicle exhaust |
|
|
|
|
60-Hz magnetic fields |
Residential exposures |
|
|
|
>0.4 µT |
Pesticides |
|
|
|
Postnatal chloramphenicol use |
|
|
|
|
Clustering |
|
|
|
|
Decreased risk associated with breastfeeding |
|
|
|